Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Pakistan Energy
From 1947 to the early 1990s, the economy made considerable progress in the transformation from a wood-burning base to modern energy sources. The process remains incomplete. Bagasse (the woody residue left over from crushed sugarcane), dung, and firewood furnished about 32 percent of all energy in FY 1988. Some localities had been denuded of firewood, forcing the local population to use commercial energy sources, such as kerosene or charcoal. Domestic sources of commercial energy accounted for 77 percent of all commercial energy in FY 1990. The major domestic energy resources are natural gas, oil, and hydroelectric power. The remainder of energy requirements are met by imports of oil and oil products.
Crude oil production increased sharply in the 1980s, from almost 4.0 million barrels in FY 1982 to 22.4 million barrels in FY 1992. This increase was the result of the discovery and development of new oil fields. Despite this expanded production, however, about 28 million barrels of crude oil were imported annually in the early 1990s. The production from domestic oil refineries also rose in the 1980s, reaching 42 million barrels annually in the early 1990s. However, oil products imports accounted for about 30 percent of the value of all oil imports.
Pakistan vigorously pursued oil exploration in the 1980s and early 1990s and made a number of new discoveries. In the early 1990s, the most productive oil field was at Dhurnal in Punjab, accounting for 21 percent of total output in FY 1993. The Badin area in southern Sindh was the site of a number of discoveries in the 1980s, and its proportion of total output has continued to increase over the years. In the early 1990s, more favorable terms on pricing and repatriation of profits stimulated the interest of foreign oil companies. About twenty foreign companies are engaged in oil exploration, but poor security for workers and property in remote areas of Balochistan and Sindh remains a significant constraint on foreign investment.
Some development of renewable energy sources has been undertaken, primarily for rural areas so isolated they would not otherwise have electricity in the foreseeable future. The aim is to upgrade village life while lowering urban migration.
Crude oil production increased sharply in the 1980s, from almost 4.0 million barrels in FY 1982 to 22.4 million barrels in FY 1992. This increase was the result of the discovery and development of new oil fields. Despite this expanded production, however, about 28 million barrels of crude oil were imported annually in the early 1990s. The production from domestic oil refineries also rose in the 1980s, reaching 42 million barrels annually in the early 1990s. However, oil products imports accounted for about 30 percent of the value of all oil imports.
Pakistan vigorously pursued oil exploration in the 1980s and early 1990s and made a number of new discoveries. In the early 1990s, the most productive oil field was at Dhurnal in Punjab, accounting for 21 percent of total output in FY 1993. The Badin area in southern Sindh was the site of a number of discoveries in the 1980s, and its proportion of total output has continued to increase over the years. In the early 1990s, more favorable terms on pricing and repatriation of profits stimulated the interest of foreign oil companies. About twenty foreign companies are engaged in oil exploration, but poor security for workers and property in remote areas of Balochistan and Sindh remains a significant constraint on foreign investment.
Some development of renewable energy sources has been undertaken, primarily for rural areas so isolated they would not otherwise have electricity in the foreseeable future. The aim is to upgrade village life while lowering urban migration.
Solar Energy
Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun that has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar radiation along with secondary solar resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass account for most of the available renewable energy on Earth. Only a very small fraction of the available solar energy is used.
Solar power technologies provide electrical generation by means of heat engines or photovoltaics. Once converted its uses are only limited by human skills. A partial list of solar applications includes space heating and cooling through solar architecture, potable water via distillation and disinfection, daylighting, hot water, thermal energy for cooking, and high temperature process heat for industrial purposes.
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels, solar thermal collectors, with electrical or mechanical equipment, to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.
In pakistan this energy is not being used.
Solar power technologies provide electrical generation by means of heat engines or photovoltaics. Once converted its uses are only limited by human skills. A partial list of solar applications includes space heating and cooling through solar architecture, potable water via distillation and disinfection, daylighting, hot water, thermal energy for cooking, and high temperature process heat for industrial purposes.
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels, solar thermal collectors, with electrical or mechanical equipment, to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.
In pakistan this energy is not being used.
Saturday, March 28, 2009
Turkish Firm to Invest USD 500 million in Windmill Project
In an article presented in the Business Recorder on the 27th of March 2009, it has been reported that Zorlu Energi, a Turkish will be investing USD 500 million in a windmill project in Pakistan. The project is expected to be developed in Sindh and is expected to generate 50 MW of electricity. The company expects to expand their power generating capacity to 300 MW in the next 5 years.
This is seen as a great boost for alternative energy in Pakistan, as the country is suffering from a huge energy crisis. As Pakistan is a net importer of energy resources, this development has rekindled the aspirations that one day Pakistan will be able to become energy self sufficient. The hope of many in Pakistan is that this will be the first of many such projects in the country and it will go a long way in reducing its energy crisis in the long term.(By Harris Ahmed Khan)
This is seen as a great boost for alternative energy in Pakistan, as the country is suffering from a huge energy crisis. As Pakistan is a net importer of energy resources, this development has rekindled the aspirations that one day Pakistan will be able to become energy self sufficient. The hope of many in Pakistan is that this will be the first of many such projects in the country and it will go a long way in reducing its energy crisis in the long term.(By Harris Ahmed Khan)
Current & Future Consumption of Energy in Pakistan
In an article printed in the Business Recorder on March 26th 2009, the Asian Development Bank estimated that Pakistan was not developing into a prime producer of green house gas emissions like most other developing countries. In a study conducted by the ADB, it was calculated that on a per capita basis, Pakistan produced 0.7 tons of GHG emissions compared to 25 tons being produced on average by people living in the US & Canada. Even in comparison with other developing, the percentage of GHG emitted was a lot less with the average emissions per capita for developing countries being at 2.1 tons.
The primary reason for such low levels of emissions has been due the large scale fuel switching in industries which saw them change their primary source of energy from natural gas and coal to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). However, the study also found that the present amount of energy being consumed by the country is not efficiently generated nor properly distributed. The study highlighted the fact that Pakistan consumed 5.0 times as much primary energy to produce a unit of GDP as compared to Bangladesh, 3.4 times as much as Sri Lanka or 2.3 times as much as Nepal.
With the countries current demand for energy resources rising rapidly, especially in the case of electricity, where ADB estimated that it is growing at 12 percent per annum. Pakistan needs to focus more on energy conservation and alternative sources of energy in order to become more productive and increase its economic growth.(Harris Ahmed Khan)
The primary reason for such low levels of emissions has been due the large scale fuel switching in industries which saw them change their primary source of energy from natural gas and coal to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). However, the study also found that the present amount of energy being consumed by the country is not efficiently generated nor properly distributed. The study highlighted the fact that Pakistan consumed 5.0 times as much primary energy to produce a unit of GDP as compared to Bangladesh, 3.4 times as much as Sri Lanka or 2.3 times as much as Nepal.
With the countries current demand for energy resources rising rapidly, especially in the case of electricity, where ADB estimated that it is growing at 12 percent per annum. Pakistan needs to focus more on energy conservation and alternative sources of energy in order to become more productive and increase its economic growth.(Harris Ahmed Khan)
Current & Future Consumption of Energy in Pakistan
In an article printed in the Business Recorder on March 26th 2009, the Asian Development Bank estimated that Pakistan was not developing into a prime producer of green house gas emissions like most other developing countries. In a study conducted by the ADB, it was calculated that on a per capita basis, Pakistan produced 0.7 tons of GHG emissions compared to 25 tons being produced on average by people living in the US & Canada. Even in comparison with other developing, the percentage of GHG emitted was a lot less with the average emissions per capita for developing countries being at 2.1 tons.
The primary reason for such low levels of emissions has been due the large scale fuel switching in industries which saw them change their primary source of energy from natural gas and coal to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). However, the study also found that the present amount of energy being consumed by the country is not efficiently generated nor properly distributed. The study highlighted the fact that Pakistan consumed 5.0 times as much primary energy to produce a unit of GDP as compared to Bangladesh, 3.4 times as much as Sri Lanka or 2.3 times as much as Nepal.
With the countries current demand for energy resources rising rapidly, especially in the case of electricity, where ADB estimated that it is growing at 12 percent per annum. Pakistan needs to focus more on energy conservation and alternative sources of energy in order to become more productive and increase its economic growth.
The primary reason for such low levels of emissions has been due the large scale fuel switching in industries which saw them change their primary source of energy from natural gas and coal to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). However, the study also found that the present amount of energy being consumed by the country is not efficiently generated nor properly distributed. The study highlighted the fact that Pakistan consumed 5.0 times as much primary energy to produce a unit of GDP as compared to Bangladesh, 3.4 times as much as Sri Lanka or 2.3 times as much as Nepal.
With the countries current demand for energy resources rising rapidly, especially in the case of electricity, where ADB estimated that it is growing at 12 percent per annum. Pakistan needs to focus more on energy conservation and alternative sources of energy in order to become more productive and increase its economic growth.
Electricity crisis in Pakistan
As summer are near the short fall of electricity increases. In the present age, without sufficient energy the wheel can’t run on roads, industry and agriculture can't sustain, hospitals and operation theaters can't function, schools and laboratories can’t work and public and private sector businesses can't operate.
In this summer country is facing a short fall of 2500 mega watts (MW). The energy demand is growing by the next summer the electricity demand likely to cross 4000 megawatts (MW). In a careful estimate, it is feared that by 2010 the short fall could reach up to 8000 megawatts (MW).
The industrial sector accounting for nearly 32 percent of the total national primary energy consumption can play a critical role in this regard. There are three main things that can be recommended to industrialists; Firstly, they should reduce energy consumption through applying energy conservation and management measures. Energy conservation is a process of decreasing the quantity of energy used while achieving a similar level of output primarily for financial gains.
In this summer country is facing a short fall of 2500 mega watts (MW). The energy demand is growing by the next summer the electricity demand likely to cross 4000 megawatts (MW). In a careful estimate, it is feared that by 2010 the short fall could reach up to 8000 megawatts (MW).
The industrial sector accounting for nearly 32 percent of the total national primary energy consumption can play a critical role in this regard. There are three main things that can be recommended to industrialists; Firstly, they should reduce energy consumption through applying energy conservation and management measures. Energy conservation is a process of decreasing the quantity of energy used while achieving a similar level of output primarily for financial gains.
Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline project
As we all know that in Pakistan the demand of the natural gas exceeds the supply, because of the low natural gas reserves and rapid increase in consumption. Pakistan signed a preliminary agreement for construction of a natural gas pipeline linking Iranian natural gas field with Karachi and then further onto India. Since 1993 Pakistan, Iran and India are planning for the gas pipeline project.
The price of gas to be imported from Iran to Pakistan has been proposed at 80 per cent of the crude oil price. Earlier Pakistan offered 78.2 per cent of crude oil price, but the Iranian authorities refused to accept the offer of 78.8 per cent of the crude oil gas price.
In the meeting Adviser to Prime Minister Shukat Tarin objected that the proposed price is too high and Pakistan is unable to manage huge amount of dollars to pay Iran for the gas. He asked the Petroleum Ministry, after introducing certain modifications in the proposed deal, to move the federal cabinet for ratification. Iran Pakistan gas pipeline deal is an international agreement and cabinet is the right forum for approval such agreement, Tarin said.
The price of gas to be imported from Iran to Pakistan has been proposed at 80 per cent of the crude oil price. Earlier Pakistan offered 78.2 per cent of crude oil price, but the Iranian authorities refused to accept the offer of 78.8 per cent of the crude oil gas price.
In the meeting Adviser to Prime Minister Shukat Tarin objected that the proposed price is too high and Pakistan is unable to manage huge amount of dollars to pay Iran for the gas. He asked the Petroleum Ministry, after introducing certain modifications in the proposed deal, to move the federal cabinet for ratification. Iran Pakistan gas pipeline deal is an international agreement and cabinet is the right forum for approval such agreement, Tarin said.
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
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